Introduction: Peasant farming actually is a small size of agricultural farming which is also known as a family farming or kitchen garden is very much familiar of the peoples in rural area. This home firm management is exactly like the private entrepreneurship in or industry. The owner of the firm or the head of the family himself runs the farm as he decided every decision what to produce, how much to produce and why to produce as the main objective of this production is only to meet up the home consumption but not for sale. This production process is mostly depends upon seasonal crops and 1amillars consumption habit. In this type of farming, the head of the worker does not prefer to hire outside workers to cultivate, rather he uses family members for various agricultural activities some chief characteristics of peasant farming are mentioned below:-
1. The size of family farming is small. As the size of family farming is very small and the farmer only tries to meet his family needs, the production is mainly for home consumption.
2. The head of the farmer does not hire outside worker. He tries to utilize family man power.
3. As the production is less than compare to other big farms, the farmer does not wish to sell the product in market.
4. Peasant is not much influenced by the charging of market price.
5. This farmer uses traditional techniques in production process.
Its application in rural households:
In rural area most of the family depends or agricultural activity as no other economic opportunity is there to earn income. In the households of village area most families does have kitchen garden which produces seasonal vegetables, fruits etc. In rural area Barter system is still playing a major role in commodity exchange like to vegetable, nice to vegetable etc. and which works very smooth way with the help of kitchen garden. This production helps the family to be economically self-sufficient so that the family can save the money which could be used in buying vegetables. As the family income is not high to buy every edible item from market they try to produce green product at home up to substance level. It generates part time employment to the worker and if the head of the family wants to produce more, then he can use others land by giving rent for it or by giving 50 percent of the produced items.
Benefits: Kitchen garden is very helpful not only rural area but also in urban areas. It Supplies daily home consumption fresh edible items which keep balancing of maintaining our sound health. Some products which are produced to sell in market may not be healthy for our health and affect negatively as more than necessary fertilizers might used to increase production. In the present days organic has been given more uportance to compete with increasing unhealthy food items. In rural area, 1arners enerally use bio-fertilizers to their production land which produce healthy proauct,
Following are some points in favour of peasant farming -
*It supplies fresh food items.
*It supports families' economic conditions.
*The production process consumes less expenditure.
* Generate families self dependent.
*It promotes crop rotation.
Limitation: The major problems in our agricultural field are due to illiterate and lack oI awarenesS. Though family farming is very helpful in rural households, this farming System is also not free from drawbacks. Some of the drawbacks of family farming are the production is not in large scale, the production produced in peasant farming 1s not commercialized; the farmer may be illiterate and may not scientific techniques in production; the village workers may not use fertilizer properly perfect plan may not be applied in rural area; due to not supplied in market; the profit-loss calculation will be absent etc.
Conclusion: Though the peasant farming is not too much importance in commercial basis and market condition, it contributes in the balancing of socio-economic condition of a household. The people living in rural areas is look more healthier than urban areas as because of fooding habit, where the village people consumes fresh home product and vice-versa. In developed countries, counter urbanization is taking place due to unhealthy environment in urban cities and the now prefers homely product which may be available in rural areas. Thus they also preferring peasant farming in their house to produce healthy food product by themselves.
